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Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
30 MCQs with Correct Answers & Explanations - For TLT, ECT, PST, JEST
Question 1 of 30
What is the process by which a parent cell divides into new cells called?
- A. Fertilization
- B. Cell division
- C. Photosynthesis
- D. Digestion
Explanation: Cell division is the process in which a parent cell splits to form new cells, allowing growth and reproduction in living organisms.
Question 2 of 30
How many main types of cell division occur in organisms?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Explanation: There are two main types of cell division: mitosis, which occurs in body cells, and meiosis, which occurs in the formation of gametes.
Question 3 of 30
Which type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells?
- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Fertilization
- D. Binary fission
Explanation: Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the original parent cell.
Question 4 of 30
Mitosis mainly occurs in which type of cells?
- A. Gametes
- B. Body (somatic) cells
- C. Bacteria only
- D. Dead cells
Explanation: Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells and is responsible for growth, tissue repair, and replacement of worn-out cells.
Question 5 of 30
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
- A. Sexual reproduction
- B. Growth and repair
- C. Reducing chromosome number
- D. Creating variation
Explanation: Mitosis allows organisms to grow and repair damaged tissues by producing new cells identical to the parent cell.
Question 6 of 30
How many stages does mitosis have?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Explanation: Mitosis has four main stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Question 7 of 30
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
- A. Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
- B. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- C. Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase
- D. Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase
Explanation: The correct sequence is Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (often remembered as PMAT).
Question 8 of 30
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense and become visible?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Telophase
Explanation: During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to break down.
Question 9 of 30
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Telophase
Explanation: In metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator (the metaphase plate) before being pulled apart.
Question 10 of 30
During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Telophase
Explanation: During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move toward opposite ends of the cell.
Question 11 of 30
During which stage of mitosis do two new nuclear membranes form?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Telophase
Explanation: In telophase, chromosomes reach the poles, uncoil, and new nuclear membranes form around each set, completing division of the nucleus.
Question 12 of 30
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Explanation: Mitosis results in two daughter cells, each genetically identical to the parent cell.
Question 13 of 30
The daughter cells produced by mitosis have chromosome numbers that are:
- A. Half of the parent cell
- B. Same as the parent cell
- C. Double the parent cell
- D. Always zero
Explanation: Mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant, so daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Question 14 of 30
Which type of cell division produces gametes?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Budding
Explanation: Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction.
Question 15 of 30
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Explanation: Meiosis involves two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells from one parent cell.
Question 16 of 30
The daughter cells produced by meiosis have chromosome numbers that are:
- A. Same as the parent cell
- B. Double the parent cell
- C. Half of the parent cell
- D. Always the same as mitosis
Explanation: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, so each daughter cell (gamete) carries half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Question 17 of 30
How many main divisions occur during meiosis?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Explanation: Meiosis consists of two successive divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II, without DNA replication in between.
Question 18 of 30
What happens during Meiosis I?
- A. Sister chromatids separate
- B. Homologous chromosomes separate
- C. The cell becomes a bacterium
- D. Chromosomes disappear completely
Explanation: In Meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs separate, reducing the chromosome number by half.
Question 19 of 30
What happens during Meiosis II?
- A. Homologous chromosomes pair up
- B. Sister chromatids separate, similar to mitosis
- C. DNA is destroyed
- D. Chromosome number doubles
Explanation: Meiosis II resembles mitosis, as sister chromatids separate to form four haploid daughter cells.
Question 20 of 30
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?
- A. It produces cells with double chromosomes
- B. It ensures offspring get the correct chromosome number after fertilization
- C. It stops chromosome pairing
- D. It only occurs in plants
Explanation: Since gametes have half the chromosome number, fertilization restores the full chromosome number in the offspring.
Question 21 of 30
Besides producing gametes, what else does meiosis create among offspring?
- A. Identical clones
- B. Genetic variation
- C. No difference at all
- D. Extra organs
Explanation: The mixing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis introduces genetic variation among offspring.
Question 22 of 30
What is a chromosome mainly made of?
- A. Protein only
- B. DNA
- C. Water
- D. Fat
Explanation: Chromosomes are made mainly of DNA tightly coiled around proteins, carrying the genetic information of the cell.
Question 23 of 30
Where are chromosomes found inside a cell?
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Cytoplasm only
Explanation: Chromosomes are located inside the nucleus, where the cell's genetic material is stored and organized.
Question 24 of 30
How many chromosomes are normally found in a human body (somatic) cell?
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 92
- D. 12
Explanation: A normal human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 homologous pairs.
Question 25 of 30
How many chromosomes are normally found in a human gamete?
- A. 46
- B. 92
- C. 23
- D. 12
Explanation: Human gametes are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes, half the number found in somatic cells.
Question 26 of 30
When do chromosomes become clearly visible under a microscope?
- A. When the cell is resting
- B. When the cell is dividing
- C. Only after cell death
- D. Never
Explanation: Chromosomes become tightly coiled and visible under a microscope during cell division, especially in prophase and metaphase.
Question 27 of 30
Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
- A. Mitosis produces 2 cells, meiosis produces 4 cells
- B. Mitosis produces 4 cells, meiosis produces 2 cells
- C. Both always produce 2 cells
- D. Both always produce 4 cells
Explanation: Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces 4 genetically varied cells for reproduction.
Question 28 of 30
Which process is responsible for healing a cut on the skin?
- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Fertilization
- D. Respiration
Explanation: Mitosis produces new identical skin cells that replace damaged ones, allowing wounds to heal.
Question 29 of 30
An error during cell division can potentially lead to which condition?
- A. Better vision
- B. Cancer or genetic disorders
- C. Faster digestion
- D. Increased height only
Explanation: Uncontrolled or faulty cell division can cause cells to grow abnormally, leading to cancer or chromosomal/genetic disorders.
Question 30 of 30
Which statement correctly summarizes mitosis and meiosis?
- A. Mitosis: 4 cells, half chromosomes; Meiosis: 2 cells, same chromosomes
- B. Mitosis: 2 cells, same chromosomes; Meiosis: 4 cells, half chromosomes
- C. Both mitosis and meiosis produce identical cells with the same chromosome number
- D. Mitosis and meiosis are the same process
Explanation: Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells identical to the parent, while meiosis produces 4 daughter cells with half the chromosome number, used for reproduction.
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