Parts of Speech – Complete English Notes
Learn all 8 parts of speech with detailed definitions, examples, and tips. Perfect for exam revision and improving English skills.
1. Noun (Ism)
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Types of Nouns:
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Proper Noun | Ali, Karachi, Microsoft |
| Common Noun | boy, city, school |
| Abstract Noun | love, happiness, courage |
| Collective Noun | team, family, audience |
| Countable Noun | book, apple, pen |
| Uncountable Noun | water, sugar, rice |
Tip: Nouns can act as subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
2. Pronoun (Zamir)
Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition.
- Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
- Reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, herself
- Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
- Interrogative: who, which, what
- Relative: who, which, that
- Indefinite: someone, anybody, everybody
3. Verb (Fail)
Verbs express action or state of being.
- Action: run, eat, think
- Linking: is, am, are, seem
- Auxiliary: is going, has done
- Modal: can, must, should
Tip: Ask yourself: “What is happening in the sentence?”
4. Adjective (Sifat)
Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, giving quality, quantity, or specifics.
- Descriptive: beautiful, tall, clever
- Quantitative: some, many, few, ten
- Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
- Possessive: my, your, his, her
- Interrogative: which, what, whose
Example: This is a beautiful book → beautiful (descriptive), this (demonstrative)
5. Adverb (Zarf)
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, showing manner, time, place, frequency, or degree.
- Manner: slowly, carefully
- Time: now, yesterday, soon
- Place: here, there, everywhere
- Frequency: always, never, often
- Degree: very, too, enough
6. Preposition (Harf-e-Jar)
Prepositions show the relationship between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence.
Examples: in, on, at, by, with, under, over, between, among
Example: The book is on the table → on (preposition)
7. Conjunction (Harf-e-Atf)
Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses.
- Coordinating: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
- Subordinating: because, although, since, unless, while
- Correlative: either…or, neither…nor, both…and
8. Interjection (Harf-e-Tahajjub)
Interjections express strong emotion or feeling.
Examples: Wow!, Oh!, Alas!, Hurrah!, Ouch!
Example: Wow! That’s amazing!
- Noun/Pronoun → ask “Who or What?”
- Verb → ask “What is happening?”
- Adjective/Adverb → describe quality, manner, or degree
- Preposition → shows relationship
- Conjunction → joins ideas or clauses
- Interjection → shows emotion
Conclusion
These are the 8 main Parts of Speech. Use this guide to improve your English grammar and prepare for exams.
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