Computer MCQs (61-150)
For IBA STS / BPS 5-15 / SPSC / JST test | Part 2: Programming, Networking, MS Office & Security
Part 4: Programming Languages & Translators (15 MCQs)
Programming
Generations
Q61: Machine language is also called?
Correct Answer: a) 1GL (First Generation Language)
Explanation: Machine language (0s aur 1s) pehli generation ki language hai. Is mein programming bohat difficult hoti thi kyunki programmer ko binary code likhna parta tha.
Exam Point: Programming Languages Generations: 1GL = Machine, 2GL = Assembly, 3GL = High-Level (C, Java), 4GL = SQL, 5GL = AI languages.
Programming
Assembly Language
Q62: Assembly language is a?
Correct Answer: a) Low-level language
Explanation: Assembly language low-level language hai jo machine language se thori si upar hai. Is mein codes mnemonic (ADD, SUB, MOV) hote hain jo machine code mein convert hotay hain.
Exam Point: Low-level languages hardware ke qareeb hoti hain, high-level languages human-friendly hoti hain.
Programming
High-level Languages
Q63: Which of these is a high-level language?
Correct Answer: d) All of these
Explanation: C++, Java, aur Python sab high-level languages hain. Ye languages human-readable hain aur inhe different platforms par use kiya ja sakta hai.
Exam Point: High-level languages ko machine code mein convert karne ke liye compiler ya interpreter ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Programming
4GL
Q64: Which language is known as 4GL?
Correct Answer: a) SQL
Explanation: SQL (Structured Query Language) ek 4GL (Fourth Generation Language) hai jo database management ke liye use hoti hai. Ye non-procedural language hai.
Exam Point: 4GL languages user-friendly hoti hain aur inhe use karne ke liye programming ki zyada knowledge ki zaroorat nahi hoti.
Programming
Translators
Q65: Which translator converts the whole program at once?
Correct Answer: b) Compiler
Explanation: Compiler poora program ek sath machine code mein convert karta hai. Agar program mein error ho to compiler sab errors ek sath dikha deta hai.
Exam Point: C, C++ languages compilers use karti hain. Java compiler aur interpreter dono use karti hai.
Programming
Interpreters
Q66: Which translator converts line by line?
Correct Answer: b) Interpreter
Explanation: Interpreter program ko line-by-line convert karta hai. Pehli line convert karta hai, execute karta hai, phir doosri line par jata hai. Agar error aaye to wahi ruk jata hai.
Exam Point: Python, JavaScript, BASIC interpreters use karte hain. Interpreters compiler se slow hote hain lekin debugging asaan hoti hai.
Programming
Assembler
Q67: Assembly language is converted to machine code by?
Correct Answer: c) Assembler
Explanation: Assembler assembly language ko machine code mein convert karta hai. Assembly language ke mnemonic codes (jaise ADD, SUB) ko binary mein change karta hai.
Exam Point: Assembler ek specific processor ke liye hota hai. Different processors ke liye different assemblers hote hain.
Programming
Language Types
Q68: COBOL is mainly used for?
Correct Answer: a) Business applications
Explanation: COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) business applications ke liye design ki gayi thi. Banks, insurance companies mein ab bhi COBOL programs use hotay hain.
Exam Point: FORTRAN scientific calculations ke liye, LISP AI ke liye, C system programming ke liye famous hain.
Programming
OOP
Q69: Which language is object-oriented?
Correct Answer: c) Java
Explanation: Java pure object-oriented language hai. Is mein sab kuch objects ki form mein hota hai. C++ bhi object-oriented hai lekin pure nahi kyunki is mein procedural programming bhi ho sakti hai.
Exam Point: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) ke 4 principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction.
Programming
Markup Language
Q70: HTML is a?
Correct Answer: b) Markup language
Explanation: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) ek markup language hai jo web pages ki structure define karti hai. Ye programming language nahi hai kyunki is mein logical operations nahi kiye ja sakte.
Exam Point: HTML web pages ka skeleton hai, CSS styling ke liye hai, aur JavaScript programming ke liye hai.
Programming
Scripting Language
Q71: JavaScript is a?
Correct Answer: b) Scripting language
Explanation: JavaScript ek scripting language hai jo web pages ko interactive banati hai. Ye client-side scripting language hai jo web browser mein run hoti hai.
Exam Point: Scripting languages interpreted hote hain aur mostly web development mein use hoti hain (JavaScript, PHP, Python).
Programming
First Programmer
Q72: Who is considered the first computer programmer?
Correct Answer: b) Ada Lovelace
Explanation: Ada Lovelace ne Charles Babbage ke Analytical Engine ke liye algorithm likha tha. Is liye unhen pehla computer programmer mana jata hai.
Exam Point: Ada programming language ka naam Ada Lovelace ke naam par rakha gaya hai.
Programming
Open Source
Q73: Which is an open-source programming language?
Correct Answer: d) All of these
Explanation: Java, Python, aur C++ sab open-source languages hain. Open-source ka matlab hai ke language ka source code publicly available hai aur log isay modify kar sakte hain.
Exam Point: Open-source software free hota hai aur isay community develop karti hai. Proprietary software companies ki property hota hai (jaise MATLAB).
Programming
BASIC
Q74: BASIC stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Explanation: BASIC ek high-level programming language hai jo beginners ke liye design ki gayi thi. 1960s mein Dartmouth College mein develop hui thi.
Exam Point: BASIC language ne programming ko asaan banaya aur personal computers ke early days mein bohat popular thi.
Programming
Debugging
Q75: The process of finding and fixing errors in a program is called?
Correct Answer: c) Debugging
Explanation: Debugging program mein errors (bugs) find karna aur unhe fix karna hai. Debugging tools programmers ko errors find karne mein help karte hain.
Exam Point: "Bug" ka term 1947 mein aaya jab Grace Hopper ne ek moth (real insect) ko computer mein fasaya hua paya tha jis se computer malfunction kar raha tha.
Part 5: Networking & Internet (20 MCQs)
Networking
Network Types
Q76: Which network covers a small area like a school?
Correct Answer: a) LAN
Explanation: LAN (Local Area Network) chotay geographical area jaise school, office, building ko cover karta hai. LAN mein devices cables ya WiFi se connect hoti hain.
Exam Point: Network types: PAN (Personal Area Network) - 10 meters, LAN - 1 km, MAN (Metropolitan) - city, WAN (Wide) - country/world.
Networking
WAN
Q77: Internet is an example of?
Correct Answer: c) WAN
Explanation: Internet duniya ka sab se bara WAN (Wide Area Network) hai. Ye pure world ke networks ko connect karta hai.
Exam Point: WAN multiple LANs aur MANs ko connect karta hai. Companies apne private WAN bhi bana sakti hain.
Networking
PAN
Q78: Bluetooth creates which type of network?
Correct Answer: c) PAN
Explanation: Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN) banata hai jo 10 meters tak ka area cover karta hai. Is se mobile phones, headphones, laptops connect hotay hain.
Exam Point: PAN ke liye Bluetooth ya Infrared use hota hai. Ye lowest range wala network hai.
Networking
Topology
Q79: In which topology all devices are connected to a central device?
Correct Answer: b) Star
Explanation: Star topology mein sab devices ek central device (hub ya switch) se connect hoti hain. Agar ek device fail ho jaye to baaki network par asar nahi parta.
Exam Point: Star topology modern LANs mein sab se zyada use hoti hai. Bus topology coaxial cable use karti thi (purane networks mein).
Networking
Devices
Q80: Which device connects two different networks?
Correct Answer: c) Router
Explanation: Router do ya zyada different networks ko connect karta hai. Ye data packets ko source se destination tak best route se bhejta hai. Internet connection ke liye router zaroori hai.
Exam Point: Router network layer (Layer 3) par kaam karta hai. Switch data link layer (Layer 2) par kaam karta hai.
Networking
Switch vs Hub
Q81: Which device is more intelligent: Hub or Switch?
Correct Answer: b) Switch
Explanation: Switch hub se zyada intelligent hai. Switch MAC addresses learn karta hai aur data sirf specific device ko bhejta hai. Hub data sab devices ko bhejta hai jo network congestion create karta hai.
Exam Point: Switch modern networks mein use hota hai, hub purane networks mein use hota tha. Switch faster aur secure hai.
Networking
WiFi
Q82: WiFi stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Wireless Fidelity
Explanation: WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) wireless networking technology hai jo radio waves use karti hai takay devices internet se connect ho saken bina cables ke.
Exam Point: WiFi ke standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax (WiFi 6).
Networking
IP Address
Q83: What is the full form of IP?
Correct Answer: a) Internet Protocol
Explanation: IP (Internet Protocol) network devices ko identify karne ka address assign karta hai. Har device ka unique IP address hota hai jaise 192.168.1.1.
Exam Point: IPv4 32-bit address hai (4 numbers), IPv6 128-bit address hai (future ke liye kyunki IPv4 addresses khatam ho rahe hain).
Internet
WWW
Q84: WWW stands for?
Correct Answer: a) World Wide Web
Explanation: WWW (World Wide Web) internet par information ka collection hai jo web pages ki form mein hai. Ye Tim Berners-Lee ne 1989 mein invent kiya tha.
Exam Point: Internet aur WWW same nahi hain. Internet network of networks hai, WWW is network par services mein se ek service hai.
Internet
Browser
Q85: Which is NOT a web browser?
Correct Answer: c) Microsoft Outlook
Explanation: Microsoft Outlook ek email client hai, web browser nahi. Web browser software hai jo web pages display karta hai (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge).
Exam Point: First web browser "WorldWideWeb" (baad mein Nexus) 1990 mein Tim Berners-Lee ne banaya tha.
Internet
URL
Q86: URL stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Uniform Resource Locator
Explanation: URL (Uniform Resource Locator) web page ka address hai. Example: https://www.example.com. Is se browser ko pata chalta hai ke web page kahan se load karna hai.
Exam Point: URL mein protocol (http/https), domain name (example.com), aur path (/page.html) hota hai.
Internet
HTTP vs HTTPS
Q87: The 'S' in HTTPS stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Secure
Explanation: HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypted connection provide karta hai. Ye sensitive information jaise passwords, credit card details ko secure rakhta hai.
Exam Point: HTTPS port 443 use karta hai, HTTP port 80 use karta hai. Modern websites sab HTTPS use karte hain.
Internet
Search Engine
Q88: Which is a search engine?
Correct Answer: d) All of these
Explanation: Google, Bing, aur Yahoo sab search engines hain jo users ko internet par information find karne mein help karte hain. Ye web pages ko index karte hain.
Exam Point: First search engine "Archie" 1990 mein create hui thi. Google 1998 mein start hua.
Internet
Email Protocol
Q89: Which protocol is used to send email?
Correct Answer: c) SMTP
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) emails send karne ke liye use hota hai. POP3 aur IMAP emails receive karne ke liye use hotay hain.
Exam Point: Email system: SMTP (send) → Email Server → POP3/IMAP (receive).
Internet
Domain
Q90: .edu domain is used for?
Correct Answer: a) Educational institutions
Explanation: .edu top-level domain educational institutions (universities, colleges) ke liye reserved hai. .com commercial, .org organizations, .gov government, .net network ke liye hain.
Exam Point: Country code TLDs: .pk (Pakistan), .in (India), .uk (UK), .us (USA).
Internet
Blog
Q91: A personal online journal is called?
Correct Answer: a) Blog
Explanation: Blog (weblog) ek website hai jahan writer (blogger) regularly articles (posts) likhta hai. Vlog video blog hai, podcast audio program hai.
Exam Point: Blogging platforms: WordPress, Blogger, Medium. YouTube vlogging ke liye use hota hai.
Internet
Cloud Computing
Q92: Storing data on remote servers accessed via internet is called?
Correct Answer: a) Cloud computing
Explanation: Cloud computing internet par services provide karti hai jaise data storage, software, processing power. Users apne computer par software install kiye bina services use kar sakte hain.
Exam Point: Cloud service models: IaaS (Infrastructure), PaaS (Platform), SaaS (Software). Examples: Google Drive, Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive.
Internet
E-commerce
Q93: Buying and selling goods online is called?
Correct Answer: a) E-commerce
Explanation: E-commerce (electronic commerce) internet par products aur services ki buying aur selling hai. Amazon, eBay, Daraz e-commerce websites hain.
Exam Point: E-commerce types: B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer), C2C (Consumer to Consumer).
Networking
VPN
Q94: VPN stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Virtual Private Network
Explanation: VPN (Virtual Private Network) secure, encrypted connection create karta hai public internet par. Is se user ki privacy protect hoti hai aur geographically restricted content access kiya ja sakta hai.
Exam Point: VPNs remote workers ke liye important hain takay wo office network securely access kar saken.
Networking
Bandwidth
Q95: Bandwidth is measured in?
Correct Answer: c) Bits per second (bps)
Explanation: Bandwidth network ki maximum data transfer rate hai jo bits per second (bps) mein measure hoti hai. Higher bandwidth ka matlab faster data transfer.
Exam Point: Common bandwidth units: Kbps (Kilobits), Mbps (Megabits), Gbps (Gigabits). Internet speed bandwidth par depend karti hai.
Part 6: MS Office & Shortcut Keys (25 MCQs)
MS Office
MS Word
Q96: What is the default file extension of MS Word document?
Correct Answer: b) .docx
Explanation: MS Word 2007 aur uske baad ke versions mein default file extension .docx hai. Purane versions (Word 97-2003) mein .doc tha.
Exam Point: .docx XML-based format hai jo .doc se better compression aur security provide karta hai.
MS Office
Word Features
Q97: Which feature in MS Word checks spelling and grammar?
Correct Answer: c) Spelling & Grammar Check
Explanation: Spelling & Grammar Check MS Word mein automatic ya manual tarike se spelling aur grammar mistakes find karta hai. Red underline spelling error, green underline grammar error.
Exam Point: Shortcut key for Spelling & Grammar check: F7. Thesaurus synonyms suggest karta hai (Shift+F7).
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q98: What is the shortcut to save a document in MS Word?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+S
Explanation: Ctrl+S document save karne ke liye use hota hai. Regularly save karna important hai takay data loss na ho.
Exam Point: Important Word shortcuts: Ctrl+N (New), Ctrl+O (Open), Ctrl+P (Print), Ctrl+Z (Undo), Ctrl+Y (Redo).
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q99: What is the shortcut to print a document?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+P
Explanation: Ctrl+P print dialog box open karta hai jahan se aap printer select kar ke document print kar sakte hain.
Exam Point: Print Preview dekhne ke liye: Ctrl+F2 (Word), ya File → Print.
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q100: What is the shortcut to select all text in a document?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+A
Explanation: Ctrl+A poora document select kar leta hai. Phir aap selected text ko copy, cut, ya format kar sakte hain.
Exam Point: Ctrl+A almost har software mein kaam karta hai (Word, Excel, browsers, file explorer) poora content select karne ke liye.
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q101: Which shortcut is used to center align text?
Correct Answer: c) Ctrl+E
Explanation: Ctrl+E text ko center align karta hai. Ctrl+L left align, Ctrl+R right align, Ctrl+J justify karta hai.
Exam Point: Alignment shortcuts: Left (Ctrl+L), Center (Ctrl+E), Right (Ctrl+R), Justify (Ctrl+J).
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q102: Which shortcut is used to undo the last action?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+Z
Explanation: Ctrl+Z last action undo karta hai. Agar aap ne galti se kuch delete kar diya ya format change kar diya to Ctrl+2 use kar ke wapas la sakte hain.
Exam Point: Ctrl+Y redo karta hai (undo ko cancel karta hai). Multiple times Ctrl+Z kar ke multiple actions undo kiye ja sakte hain.
MS Office
Word Shortcut
Q103: What is the shortcut to find a word in a document?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+F
Explanation: Ctrl+F "Find" dialog box open karta hai jahan aap koi specific word ya phrase search kar sakte hain. Ye bohat useful shortcut hai.
Exam Point: Ctrl+H "Find and Replace" ke liye hai. Ctrl+G "Go To" specific page ke liye hai.
MS Office
Excel
Q104: What is the default file extension of MS Excel?
Correct Answer: b) .xlsx
Explanation: MS Excel 2007 aur uske baad ke versions mein default file extension .xlsx hai. Purane versions mein .xls tha.
Exam Point: .xls binary format tha, .xlsx XML-based format hai jo zyada efficient hai.
MS Office
Excel Basics
Q105: In MS Excel, intersection of a row and column is called?
Correct Answer: a) Cell
Explanation: Cell row aur column ka intersection hai. Har cell ka unique address hota hai jaise A1 (column A, row 1).
Exam Point: Excel sheet mein 1,048,576 rows aur 16,384 columns hote hain (Excel 2007+). Total cells: 17+ billion.
MS Office
Excel Function
Q106: Which function adds all numbers in a range?
Correct Answer: d) SUM
Explanation: SUM function numbers ko add karta hai. Example: =SUM(A1:A10) cells A1 se A10 tak sab numbers add kar dega.
Exam Point: Important Excel functions: SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, MIN, IF, VLOOKUP, CONCATENATE.
MS Office
Excel Function
Q107: Which function finds the largest number in a range?
Correct Answer: a) MAX
Explanation: MAX function range mein se sab se bara number find karta hai. Example: =MAX(B2:B100) cells B2 se B100 mein se maximum value dega.
Exam Point: MIN sab se chota number find karta hai. LARGE specific rank wala number find karta hai (2nd largest, 3rd largest).
MS Office
Excel Function
Q108: Which function counts cells with numbers?
Correct Answer: a) COUNT
Explanation: COUNT function sirf un cells ko count karta hai jisme numbers hon. Text ya blank cells ko ignore karta hai.
Exam Point: COUNTA sab non-empty cells ko count karta hai (numbers aur text dono). COUNTIF specific condition ke hisaab se count karta hai.
MS Office
Excel Shortcut
Q109: In Excel, which shortcut creates a new workbook?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+N
Explanation: Ctrl+N Excel mein new workbook (file) create karta hai. Ye shortcut Word aur other Office applications mein bhi kaam karta hai.
Exam Point: Excel shortcuts: Ctrl+O (Open), Ctrl+S (Save), Ctrl+P (Print), Ctrl+F (Find), Ctrl+H (Replace).
MS Office
Excel Shortcut
Q110: Which shortcut inserts current date in Excel?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+;
Explanation: Ctrl+; (semicolon) current date insert karta hai. Ctrl+: (colon) current time insert karta hai.
Exam Point: Excel date/time shortcuts: Ctrl+; = date, Ctrl+: = time, Ctrl+Shift+: = current time, Ctrl+Shift+# = date format.
MS Office
Excel Feature
Q111: Which feature summarizes data in Excel?
Correct Answer: a) Pivot Table
Explanation: Pivot Table Excel ka powerful feature hai jo large data ko summarize, analyze, aur present karta hai. Is se data ko different angles se dekh sakte hain.
Exam Point: Pivot Table data analysis ke liye bohat important hai. Is se quickly reports bana sakte hain.
MS Office
PowerPoint
Q112: What is the default file extension of MS PowerPoint?
Correct Answer: b) .pptx
Explanation: MS PowerPoint 2007+ mein default extension .pptx hai. .ppt purane format ka hai. .pps slideshow format hai, .pot template format hai.
Exam Point: PowerPoint extensions: .pptx (presentation), .ppsx (slideshow auto-play), .potx (template).
MS Office
PowerPoint Basics
Q113: Single page of a PowerPoint presentation is called?
Correct Answer: a) Slide
Explanation: PowerPoint presentation mein har individual page "slide" kehlati hai. Multiple slides milkar ek presentation banti hai.
Exam Point: PowerPoint elements: Slides, Placeholders, Transitions (between slides), Animations (on elements).
MS Office
PowerPoint Shortcut
Q114: Which shortcut starts slideshow from beginning?
Correct Answer: a) F5
Explanation: F5 PowerPoint slideshow first slide se start karta hai. Shift+F5 current slide se slideshow start karta hai.
Exam Point: PowerPoint slideshow controls: F5 (start from beginning), Shift+F5 (start from current), Esc (exit slideshow), Space/Right Arrow (next slide).
MS Office
PowerPoint Shortcut
Q115: Which shortcut inserts a new slide?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+M
Explanation: Ctrl+M PowerPoint mein new slide insert karta hai. Ye default layout mein new slide add karta hai.
Exam Point: PowerPoint shortcuts: Ctrl+N (new presentation), Ctrl+S (save), Ctrl+P (print), Ctrl+Z (undo).
Windows
Shortcut
Q116: Which Windows shortcut opens Task Manager?
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
Explanation: Ctrl+Alt+Delete screen par options leta hai jahan se Task Manager select kiya ja sakta hai. Ctrl+Shift+Esc directly Task Manager open karta hai.
Exam Point: Task Manager running programs, processes, aur performance monitor karta hai. Not responding programs ko end karne ke liye use hota hai.
Windows
Shortcut
Q117: Which shortcut closes the current window?
Correct Answer: a) Alt+F4
Explanation: Alt+F4 current window/program close karta hai. Ctrl+F4 current document/tab close karta hai (MS Office, browsers mein).
Exam Point: Alt+F4 desktop par jab koi window open na ho to shutdown dialog box open karta hai.
Windows
Shortcut
Q118: Which shortcut switches between open applications?
Correct Answer: d) Both a and c
Explanation: Alt+Tab open applications ke darmiyan switch karta hai. Windows+Tab Task View open karta hai jo all open windows dikhata hai (Windows 10/11).
Exam Point: Alt+Tab hold karke aur Tab press karte rahein to different applications mein move kar sakte hain.
Windows
Shortcut
Q119: Which shortcut takes a screenshot of entire screen?
Correct Answer: d) All of these
Explanation: Print Screen entire screen ki screenshot leta hai (clipboard mein save hoti hai). Alt+Print Screen active window ki screenshot leta hai. Windows+Print Screen screenshot file bana ke Pictures folder mein save karta hai.
Exam Point: Windows+Shift+S Snipping Tool open karta hai jis se aap screen ka specific part select kar ke screenshot le sakte hain.
General
Shortcut
Q120: Which shortcut is used to copy selected text?
Correct Answer: a) Ctrl+C
Explanation: Ctrl+C selected text ya item ko copy karta hai (clipboard mein save karta hai). Copy karne se original item mehfooz rehta hai.
Exam Point: Basic editing shortcuts: Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+X (cut), Ctrl+V (paste), Ctrl+Z (undo), Ctrl+Y (redo). Ye sab software mein kaam karte hain.
Part 7: Cyber Security & Ethics (15 MCQs)
Security
Virus
Q121: A program that replicates itself and spreads is called?
Correct Answer: a) Virus
Explanation: Virus ek malicious program hai jo apne aap ko copy karta hai aur dusre programs/files mein attach ho kar spread hota hai. Ye computer ko nuksan pahunchata hai.
Exam Point: Virus ko spread karne ke liye human action ki zaroorat hoti hai (file open karna, program run karna). Worm automatically spread hota hai.
Security
Malware Types
Q122: Which malware appears legitimate but contains malicious code?
Correct Answer: a) Trojan Horse
Explanation: Trojan Horse ek legitimate software ki tarah dikhta hai lekin andar malicious code hota hai. Ye user ko dhoke mein daal kar install ho jata hai.
Exam Point: Trojan Horse Greek mythology se aaya hai jahan Greek soldiers ne Troy city ko wooden horse ke andar chup kar defeat kiya tha.
Security
Ransomware
Q123: Which malware encrypts files and demands payment?
Correct Answer: a) Ransomware
Explanation: Ransomware user ke files ko encrypt kar deta hai aur decrypt karne ke liye payment (ransom) demand karta hai. WannaCry 2017 ka famous ransomware attack tha.
Exam Point: Ransomware se bachne ka behtar tareeqa regular backups lena hai. Ransom pay karne ki recommendation nahi di jati.
Security
Spyware
Q124: Which malware secretly monitors user activity?
Correct Answer: a) Spyware
Explanation: Spyware user ke activities (keystrokes, browsing history, passwords) secretly monitor karta hai aur is information ko attacker ko bhejta hai.
Exam Point: Keylogger ek type ka spyware hai jo har keystroke record karta hai. Is se passwords, credit card numbers chor sakte hain.
Security
Antivirus
Q125: Software that detects and removes viruses is called?
Correct Answer: a) Antivirus
Explanation: Antivirus software viruses, worms, Trojans, aur other malware ko detect, prevent, aur remove karta hai. Ye real-time protection provide karta hai.
Exam Point: Famous antivirus software: Norton, McAfee, Kaspersky, Avast, AVG, Windows Defender (built-in Windows mein).
Security
Firewall
Q126: A security system that blocks unauthorized access is called?
Correct Answer: a) Firewall
Explanation: Firewall network aur computer ke darmiyan security barrier hai jo unauthorized access ko block karta hai. Ye incoming aur outgoing traffic ko monitor karta hai.
Exam Point: Firewall types: Hardware firewall (router level), Software firewall (computer level). Windows mein built-in firewall hota hai.
Security
Hacking
Q127: Unauthorized access to computer systems is called?
Correct Answer: a) Hacking
Explanation: Hacking computer systems mein unauthorized access hasil karna hai. Ethical hacking legal hoti hai (security testing ke liye), black hat hacking illegal hoti hai.
Exam Point: Ethical hackers ("white hats") companies ki security test karte hain. "Grey hats" ethical aur unethical ke darmiyan hote hain.
Security
Phishing
Q128: Tricking users to reveal personal information through fake emails is called?
Correct Answer: a) Phishing
Explanation: Phishing attackers fake emails bhejte hain jo legitimate organizations (banks, companies) ki tarah dikhte hain. Email mein link hoti hai jo fake website par le jati hai jahan user se personal information mangti hai.
Exam Point: Spear phishing specific individuals ke liye targeted phishing hai. Whaling high-profile targets (CEOs, executives) ke liye phishing hai.
Security
Password
Q129: Which is the strongest password?
Correct Answer: b) P@ssw0rd!
Explanation: Strong password mein uppercase, lowercase, numbers, aur special characters honay chahiye. P@ssw0rd! mein ye sab elements hain. Simple passwords easily guess ya crack kiye ja sakte hain.
Exam Point: Password tips: 8+ characters, mix character types, avoid personal information, use different passwords for different accounts.
Security
Encryption
Q130: Converting data into secret code is called?
Correct Answer: a) Encryption
Explanation: Encryption data ko secret code (ciphertext) mein convert karta hai takay unauthorized users isay na samajh saken. Decryption wapas original data mein convert karta hai.
Exam Point: Encryption types: Symmetric (same key encrypt/decrypt), Asymmetric (public key encrypt, private key decrypt - used in HTTPS).
Ethics
Copyright
Q131: Illegal copying of software is called?
Correct Answer: a) Software piracy
Explanation: Software piracy copyrighted software ki illegal copying, distribution, aur use hai. Ye crime hai aur software companies ko financial loss deta hai.
Exam Point: Original software lena chahiye ya open-source/free software use karna chahiye. Piracy illegal aur unethical hai.
Ethics
Digital Divide
Q132: Gap between people with and without internet access is called?
Correct Answer: a) Digital divide
Explanation: Digital divide wo gap hai jo un logon ke darmiyan hai jo digital technology (computers, internet) access kar sakte hain aur jo nahi kar sakte. Ye social aur economic inequality create karta hai.
Exam Point: Digital divide developing countries mein zyada hai. Governments isay kam karne ke liye digital literacy programs chala rahi hain.
Ethics
Netiquette
Q133: Rules for polite behavior online are called?
Correct Answer: a) Netiquette
Explanation: Netiquette (Internet + etiquette) online polite behavior ke rules hain. Is mein spam na bhejna, CAPITALS mein na likhna (shouting ki tarah), respectful communication waghera shamil hai.
Exam Point: Netiquette important hai takay online discussions productive aur respectful rahein.
Security
Backup
Q134: Creating copies of important data is called?
Correct Answer: a) Backup
Explanation: Backup important data ki copies create karna hai takay agar original data loss ho jaye (hardware failure, virus, accident) to wapas recover kiya ja sake.
Exam Point: 3-2-1 backup rule: 3 copies of data, 2 different media types, 1 copy offsite (cloud ya different location).
Security
Authentication
Q135: Proving your identity to a computer system is called?
Correct Answer: a) Authentication
Explanation: Authentication identity prove karna hai (jaise password, fingerprint, security token). Authorization determine karta hai ke authenticated user ko kya access hai.
Exam Point: Authentication factors: Something you know (password), Something you have (smart card), Something you are (biometrics).
Part 8: Mixed & Advanced Concepts (15 MCQs)
Advanced
AI
Q136: AI stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Artificial Intelligence
Explanation: AI (Artificial Intelligence) computer systems ki woh ability hai jo normally human intelligence ki zaroorat deti hai, jaise visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making.
Exam Point: AI subsets: Machine Learning (computers learn from data), Deep Learning (neural networks), Natural Language Processing (human language understanding).
Advanced
Database
Q137: Organized collection of data is called?
Correct Answer: a) Database
Explanation: Database organized data ka collection hai jo easily access, manage, aur update kiya ja sakta hai. Relational databases data ko tables (rows and columns) mein store karte hain.
Exam Point: DBMS (Database Management System) software jo databases ko manage karta hai. Examples: MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access.
Advanced
SQL
Q138: Which language is used to manage databases?
Correct Answer: a) SQL
Explanation: SQL (Structured Query Language) database management ke liye standard language hai. Is se data insert, update, delete, aur query ki ja sakti hai.
Exam Point: SQL commands: SELECT (data retrieve), INSERT (add data), UPDATE (modify data), DELETE (remove data).
Advanced
Operating Systems
Q139: Which is NOT a mobile operating system?
Correct Answer: d) Windows 10
Explanation: Windows 10 desktop/laptop operating system hai. Android (Google), iOS (Apple), aur Windows Phone (Microsoft) mobile operating systems hain.
Exam Point: Mobile OS market share: Android ~70%, iOS ~30%. Windows Phone discontinued ho chuka hai.
Advanced
Binary Operations
Q140: What is the result of binary addition: 101 + 011?
Correct Answer: a) 1000
Explanation: Binary addition decimal addition ki tarah hoti hai: 101 (5 in decimal) + 011 (3 in decimal) = 1000 (8 in decimal).
101
+011
----
1000 (1 carry forward hota hai)
101
+011
----
1000 (1 carry forward hota hai)
Exam Point: Binary addition rules: 0+0=0, 0+1=1, 1+0=1, 1+1=0 (carry 1), 1+1+1=1 (carry 1).
Advanced
Logic Gates
Q141: Which logic gate gives output 1 only if both inputs are 1?
Correct Answer: a) AND gate
Explanation: AND gate ka output 1 (true) hota hai only if dono inputs 1 hon. Agar koi input 0 (false) ho to output 0 hota hai.
Exam Point: Logic gates truth tables:
AND: 0&0=0, 0&1=0, 1&0=0, 1&1=1
OR: 0|0=0, 0|1=1, 1|0=1, 1|1=1
NOT: 0→1, 1→0
AND: 0&0=0, 0&1=0, 1&0=0, 1&1=1
OR: 0|0=0, 0|1=1, 1|0=1, 1|1=1
NOT: 0→1, 1→0
Advanced
Algorithm
Q142: Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem is called?
Correct Answer: a) Algorithm
Explanation: Algorithm problem solve karne ka step-by-step procedure hai. Ye programming language se independent hota hai. Program algorithm ka implementation hota hai specific language mein.
Exam Point: Algorithm characteristics: Input, Output, Definiteness (clear steps), Finiteness (end hona chahiye), Effectiveness (practical).
Advanced
ICT
Q143: ICT stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Information and Communication Technology
Explanation: ICT (Information and Communication Technology) technology ka woh set hai jo information access, store, transmit, aur manipulate karne ke liye use hota hai. Is mein computers, internet, telecommunications shamil hain.
Exam Point: ICT modern society ka important part hai aur education, business, healthcare, government mein use hoti hai.
Advanced
E-waste
Q144: Discarded electronic devices are called?
Correct Answer: a) E-waste
Explanation: E-waste (electronic waste) discarded electronic devices hain jaise computers, mobile phones, TVs. Ye hazardous materials contain karte hain aur special disposal ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Exam Point: E-waste recycling important hai kyunki is mein valuable materials (gold, silver, copper) aur toxic materials (lead, mercury) hotay hain.
Advanced
BIOS
Q145: What does BIOS stand for?
Correct Answer: a) Basic Input/Output System
Explanation: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) motherboard par stored software hai jo computer start hone par sab se pehle run hota hai. Ye hardware test karta hai aur operating system load karta hai.
Exam Point: Modern computers mein UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) ne BIOS ki jagah le li hai jo zyada advanced hai.
Advanced
Cache
Q146: Cache memory is placed between?
Correct Answer: a) CPU and RAM
Explanation: Cache memory CPU aur RAM ke darmiyan hoti hai. Ye frequently used data ko store karti hai takay CPU ko quickly mil sake. Cache RAM se fast hoti hai lekin choti hoti hai.
Exam Point: Memory hierarchy (fastest to slowest): Registers → Cache (L1, L2, L3) → RAM → SSD/HDD → Optical/Tape.
Advanced
QR Code
Q147: QR stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Quick Response
Explanation: QR code (Quick Response code) 2D barcode hai jo information store karta hai. Isay smartphone camera se scan kiya ja sakta hai aur is mein URLs, text, contact information waghera store ho sakti hai.
Exam Point: QR codes traditional barcodes se behtar hain kyunki ye zyada data store kar sakte hain aur multiple directions se scan kiye ja sakte hain.
Advanced
PDF
Q148: PDF stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Portable Document Format
Explanation: PDF (Portable Document Format) file format hai jo documents ko original formatting mein display karta hai chahe konsa operating system, software, ya hardware use ho raha ho. Adobe ne isay develop kiya tha.
Exam Point: PDF universal document format hai jo sharing ke liye perfect hai. Isay edit karna asaan nahi hota jis se security behtar hoti hai.
Advanced
ISP
Q149: ISP stands for?
Correct Answer: a) Internet Service Provider
Explanation: ISP (Internet Service Provider) company hai jo customers ko internet access provide karti hai. Examples: PTCL, Nayatel, Wateen, Zong, Jazz.
Exam Point: ISPs different technologies se internet provide karte hain: DSL (phone lines), Cable, Fiber-optic, Satellite, Wireless.
Advanced
Final
Q150: Which key combination is used to force quit an application on Mac?
Correct Answer: a) Command+Option+Esc
Explanation: Mac computers par Command+Option+Esc "Force Quit Applications" window open karta hai jahan se not responding applications ko force quit kiya ja sakta hai. Windows par Ctrl+Alt+Delete ya Ctrl+Shift+Esc Task Manager open karta hai.
Exam Point: Different operating systems ke different shortcuts hain. Mac par Command key Windows par Ctrl key ki tarah use hoti hai.